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Low Noise, Low Power, 32 Taps
X9316
E2POTTM Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer
FEATURES * Low Micropower CMOS --VCC = 3V to 5.5V --Active Current, 50A (Increment) Max --Standby Current, 400 A (Store) Max * Low Noise * 31 Resistive Elements --Temperature Compensated -- 20% End to End Resistance Range ---5V to +5V * 32 Wiper Tap Points --Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface --Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter --Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile Memory and Recalled on Power-Up * 100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention * X9316Z = 1K * X9316W = 10K * Packages --14-Lead PDIP --14-Lead SOIC FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION The Xicor X9316 is a solid state "micropower" nonvolatile potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled resistance trimming in battery-powered systems. The X9316 is a resistor array composed of 31 resistive elements. Between each element and at either end are tap points accessible to the wiper element. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation. The resolution of the X9316 is equal to the maximum resistance value divided by 31. As an example, for the X9316W (10K) each tap point represents 323. All Xicor nonvolatile memories are designed and tested for applications requiring extended endurance and data retention.
U/D INC CS
5-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER
CMOS SWITCH
VH
5-BIT NONVOLATILE MEMORY
ONE OF THIRTYTWO WIPER POSITION DECODER
RESISTOR ARRAY
VCC VSS
STORE AND RECALL CONTROL CIRCUITRY VL
V+ V-
VW
7000 FRM F01
E2POTTM is a trademark of Xicor, Inc.
(c)Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995, 1996 Patents Pending 7000-1.5 7/16/97 T6/C0/D6 SH
1
Characteristics subject to change without notice
X9316
PIN DESCRIPTIONS VH and VL The high (VH) and low (VL) terminals of the X9316 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is V- and the maximum is V+. It should be noted that the terminology of VL and VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal. VW VW is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 100. Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete, the X9316 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. V+, V- (Analog positive/negative power supply) The V+ and V- pins supply an external voltage to the wiper position decoder. PIN CONFIGURATION
14-LEAD DIP/SOIC NC INC U/D VH VSS V- NC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 X9316 11 10 9 8 NC VCC CS VL VW V+ NC
7000 FRM 02
PIN NAMES Symbol
VH VW VL VSS VCC U/D INC CS V+ V-
Description
High Terminal Wiper Terminal Low Terminal Ground Supply Voltage Up/Down Input Increment Input Chip Select Input Positive Analog Voltage Negative Analog Voltage
7000 FRM T01.1
2
X9316
DEVICE OPERATION There are three sections of the X9316: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 31 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper. The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the X9316 is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of thirty two wiper positions along the resistive array. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. When the X9316 is powered-down, the last counter position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset to the value last stored. Operation Notes The system may select the X9316, move the wiper and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper position in nonvolatile memory. The wiper movement is performed as described above; once the new position is reached, the system would the keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position would be maintained until changed by the system or until a powerup/down cycle recalled the previously stored data. This would allow the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference, system parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc... The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the X9316 and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. TIW/RTOTAL The electronic switches on the X9316 operate in a "make before break" mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to VW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM INPUTS Must be steady May change from Low to High May change from High to Low Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from Low to High Will change from High to Low Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
3
X9316
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Temperature under Bias ................... -65C to +135C Storage Temperature........................ -65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and VCC with Respect to VSS ............................ -1V to +7V Voltage on VH and VL Referenced to VSS V = |VH-VL| X9316Z ..............................................................4V X9316W...........................................................10V Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 seconds) ....... 300C Wiper Current..................................................... 1mA ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Characteristics End-to-End Resistance Tolerance .................... 20% Power Rating at 25C X9316Z ........................................................16mW X9316W.......................................................10mW Wiper Current ........................................... 1mA Max. Typical Wiper Resistance ...................... 100 at 1mA Typical Noise ............................ < -140dBHz Ref: 1V Resolution Resistance .............................................................3% Linearity Absolute Linearity(1) .................................... 1.0 Ml(2) Relative Linearity(3) .................................... 0.2 Ml(2) *COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Temperature Coefficient (-40C to +85C) ........................+300 ppm/C Typical Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient ............ 20 ppm Wiper Adjustability Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation) Wiper Position Store Operations .............. 100,000 Physical Characteristics Marking Includes Manufacturer's Trademark Resistance Value or Code Date Code
Test Circuit #1
VH
Test Circuit #2
VH TEST POINT TEST POINT VW VL
7000 FRM 03
VW VL FORCE CURRENT
7000 FRM F04
Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected)) = 1 Ml Maximum. (2) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/31. (3) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V W(n+1) - [Vw(n) + Ml] = +0.2 Ml.
4
X9316
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature
Commercial Industrial
Min.
0C -40C
Max.
+70C +85C
7000 FRM T02
Supply Voltage
X9316
Limits
5V 10%
7000 FRM T03.1
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol
ICC ISB IV+(5) IV-(5) ILI VIH VIL RW VVH VVL V+ V- CIN(5)
Parameter
VCC Active Current (Increment) VCC Active Current (Store) Standby Supply Current V+ Supply Current V- Supply Current CS, INC, U/D Input Leakage Current CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input LOW Voltage Wiper Resistence VH Terminal Voltage VL Terminal Voltage Analog Positive Power Supply Analog Negative Power Supply CS, INC, U/D Input Capacitance
Min.
Typ.(4)
Max.
50 400 1 400 400 10
Units
A A A A A A V V V V V V pF
Test Conditions
CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V/2.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V/2.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V/2.4V @ max. tCYC VIN = VSS to VCC
2 -1 100 V- V- VCC -VCC
VCC + 1 0.8 200 V+ V+ VCC 0 10
Max. Wiper Current 1mA
VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C
7000 FRM T04.1
STANDARD PARTS Part Number
X9316Z X9316W
Maximum Resistance
1K 10K
Wiper Increments
32.3 323
Minimum Resistance
100 100
7000 FRM T05
Notes: (4) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
5
X9316
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input Reference Levels 0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
7000 FRM T06
MODE SELECTION CS
L L H H X L
INC
U/D
H L X X X Wiper Up
Mode
Wiper Down Store Wiper Position Standby No Store, Return to Standby
7000 FRM T07
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol
tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH1 tCPH2 tIW tCYC tR, tF
(7)
Parameter
CS to INC Setup INC HIGH to U/D Change U/D to INC Setup INC LOW Period INC HIGH Period INC Inactive to CS Inactive CS Deselect Time (STORE) CS Deselect Time (NO STORE) INC to Vw Change INC Cycle Time CS, INC Input Rise and Fall Time Power up to Wiper Stable VCC Power-up Rate Store Cycle
Min.
100 100 2.9 1 1 1 10 100
Typ.(6)
Max.
Units
ns ns s s s s ms ns
1 4
5 500 5
s s s s mV/s ms
7000 FRM T08.1
tPU(7) tR VCC(7) tWR
0.2 5
50 10
A.C. Timing
CS tCYC tCI INC tID tDI tF tIL tIH tIC tCPH 90% 90% 10% tR
U/D tIW VW MI (8)
7000 FRM F03
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the V W output due to a change in the wiper position. 6
X9316
TYPICAL NOISE
0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Noise (dB) -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Frequency (KHz)
TYPICAL RTOTAL vs. TEMPERATURE
10000 9800 9600 9400 9200 Rtotal 9000 8800 8600 8400 8200 8000 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 35 45 25 Temperature 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 C
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X9316
TYPICAL TOTAL RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
0
-50
-100
-150 PPM -200
-250
-300
-350 -55
-45
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25 35 45 Temperature
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
C
TYPICAL WIPER RESISTANCE
800 700
600 500 Rw (Ohms)
400 300
200 100
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Tap 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
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X9316
TYPICAL ABSOLUTE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
40.0% 30.0% 20.0% Absolute % Error 10.0% 0.0% -10.0% -20.0% -30.0% -40.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 Tap 18 21 24 27 30
TYPICAL RELATIVE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
20.0% 15.0% 10.0% Relative % Error 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 Tap 18 21 24 27 30
9
X9316
PACKAGING INFORMATION
14-LEAD PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE TYPE P
0.720 (18.29) 0.640 (16.26)
0.260 (6.60) 0.240 (6.10) PIN 1 INDEX
PIN 1 0.600 (15.24) REF . 0.060 (1.52) 0.050 (1.27)
HALF SHOULDER WIDTH ON ALL END PINS OPTIONAL SEATING PLANE 0.150 (3.81) 0.125 (3.18)
0.145 (3.68) 0.128 (0.51)
0.025 (0.64) 0.015 (0.38)
0.110 (2.79) 0.090 (2.29)
0.065 (1.65) 0.045 (1.14) 0.020 (0.51) 0.016 (0.41) 0.325 (8.26) 0.300 (7.62)
0.015 (0.38) MAX.
TYP 0.010 (0.25) .
0 15
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS) 2. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EXCLUDE MOLDING FLASH
3926 FHD F46
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X9316
PACKAGING INFORMATION
14-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE S
0.150 (3.80) 0.158 (4.00) PIN 1 INDEX
0.228 (5.80) 0.244 (6.20)
PIN 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.020 (0.51) 0.336 (8.55) 0.345 (8.75)
(4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75)
0.050 (1.27)
0.004 (0.10) 0.010 (0.25)
0.050" T ypical
0.010 (0.25) X 45 0.020 (0.50)
0.050" Typical
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937)
0.250"
FOOTPRINT
0.030"Typical 14 Places
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
7000 FRM 05
11
X9316
ORDERING INFORMATION
X9316X
X
X
X VCC Range Blank = 4.5V to 5.5V 3 = 3V to 5.5V Temperature Range Blank = Commercial = 0C to +70C I = Industrial = -40C to +85C M = Military = -55C to +125C Package P = 14-Lead Plastic DIP S = 14-Lead SOIC End to End Resistance Z = 1K W = 10K
LIMITED WARRANTY Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967; 4,883, 976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 12

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